![]() ![]() The compressions and rarefactions are labeled. The diagram below depicts a sound wave created by a tuning fork and propagated through the air in an open tube. The compressions are regions of high air pressure while the rarefactions are regions of low air pressure. These regions are known as compressions and rarefactions respectively. The energy carried by the sound wave converts back and forth between the potential energy of the extra compression (in case of longitudinal waves) or lateral displacement strain (in case of transverse waves) of the matter and the kinetic energy of the oscillations of the medium.īecause of the longitudinal motion of the air particles, there are regions in the air where the air particles are compressed together and other regions where the air particles are spread apart. Matter in the medium is periodically displaced by a sound wave, and thus oscillates. Through solids, however, it can be transmitted as both longitudinal waves and transverse waves. Sound is transmitted through gases, plasma, and liquids as longitudinal waves, also called compression waves. The vibrating air molecules reach your ear and cause your eardrum to vibrate. The vibrations cause molecules of air to vibrate, and send the vibrations out in all directions. ![]() It could be a bell vibrating, a vocal cord, the sound board of a guitar, etc. Sound is produced by anything that vibrates or changes air pressure rapidly. The forward motion of a tine pushes air molecules horizontally to the right and the backward retraction of the tine creates a low-pressure area allowing the air particles to move back to the left. As the tines of the fork vibrate back and forth, they push on neighboring air particles. This is what characterizes sound waves in air as longitudinal waves.Ī vibrating tuning fork is capable of creating such a longitudinal wave. ![]() The motion of the particles is parallel (and anti-parallel) to the direction of the energy transport. If a sound wave is moving from left to right through air, then particles of air will be displaced both rightward and leftward as the energy of the sound wave passes through it. Sound is a mechanical wave that results from the back and forth vibration of the particles of the medium through which the sound wave is moving. ![]()
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